方法一

三步骤：先重命名，再git add重命名后的文件，最后git rm 原始名称文件即可。

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 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master 
$ ls
images/  index.html  js/  LICENSE  Readme.md  styles/

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master 
$ mv Readme.md readme

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        deleted:    Readme.md

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        readme

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$ git add readme

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$ git rm Readme.md
rm 'Readme.md'

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
        renamed:    Readme.md -> readme

换另一种方法，先清空工作区和暂存区的操作：

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 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$ ls
images/  index.html  js/  LICENSE  readme  styles/

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$ git reset --hard
HEAD is now at 012ae46 e1

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master 
$ ls
images/  index.html  js/  LICENSE  Readme.md  styles/

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master 
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

nothing to commit, working tree clean

可以看到，工作目录恢复成原来的样子了。

方法2

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 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master 
$ git mv Readme.md readme

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
        renamed:    Readme.md -> readme

 G:\mygitea\GitLearn\learn01   master ± 
$   git commit -m "rename test"
[master 5bc7fdf] rename test
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename Readme.md => readme (100%)

重命名后要记得将工作区文件提交。